Endocrine System — Checklist 內分泌系統 (nèifēnmì xìtǒng)

Organisation: Functional first, anatomical second. Reference: See endocrine-system-reference.md for functional descriptions, hormone mechanisms, and clinical notes.

1. Hypothalamus — 下丘腦 (xiàqiūnǎo)

1.1 Releasing / Inhibiting Hormones — 釋放／抑制激素 (shìfàng / yìzhì jīsù)

1.2 Neurohypophyseal Hormones — 神經垂體激素 (shénjīng chuítǐ jīsù)

1.3 Key Hypothalamic Nuclei — 主要下丘腦核團 (zhǔyào xiàqiūnǎo hétuán)

1.4 Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal System — 下丘腦-垂體門脈系統 (xiàqiūnǎo-chuítǐ ménmài xìtǒng)

2. Pituitary Gland — 垂體 (chuítǐ)

2.1 Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) — 腺垂體 (xiàn chuítǐ)

2.2 Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) — 神經垂體 (shénjīng chuítǐ)

3. Pineal Gland — 松果體 (sōngguǒtǐ)

3.1 Structure — 結構 (jiégòu)

3.2 Hormones — 激素 (jīsù)

4. Thyroid Gland — 甲狀腺 (jiǎzhuàngxiàn)

4.1 Gross Anatomy — 大體解剖 (dàtǐ jiěpōu)

4.2 Follicular Cells (Thyrocytes) — 濾泡細胞 (lǜpào xìbāo)

4.3 Parafollicular Cells (C-cells) — 濾泡旁細胞（C細胞）(lǜpào páng xìbāo (C xìbāo))

4.4 Thyroid Vasculature — 甲狀腺血管 (jiǎzhuàngxiàn xuèguǎn)

4.5 Associated Structures — 相關結構 (xiāngguān jiégòu)

5. Parathyroid Glands — 副甲狀腺 (fùjiǎzhuàngxiàn)

5.1 Anatomy — 解剖 (jiěpōu)

5.2 Chief Cells — 主細胞 (zhǔ xìbāo)

5.3 Oxyphil Cells — 嗜酸性細胞 (shìsuānxìng xìbāo)

6. Adrenals & Gonads — 腎上腺與性腺 (shènshàngxiàn yǔ xìngxiàn)

6.1 Shared Steroidogenesis Pathway — 共同類固醇合成途徑 (gòngtóng lèigùchún héchéng tújìng)

6.1.1 Rate-Limiting Entry Step — 限速起始步驟 (xiànsù qǐshǐ bùzhòu)

6.1.2 Branch Enzymes — 分支酶 (fēnzhī méi)

6.1.3 Pathway Branches — 途徑分支 (tújìng fēnzhī)

6.2 Adrenal Cortex — 腎上腺皮質 (shènshàngxiàn pízhì)

6.2.1 Zona Glomerulosa — 球狀帶 (qiúzhuàngdài)

6.2.2 Zona Fasciculata — 束狀帶 (shùzhuàngdài)

6.2.3 Zona Reticularis — 網狀帶 (wǎngzhuàngdài)

6.3 Gonadal Endocrine Function — 性腺內分泌功能 (xìngxiàn nèifēnmì gōngnéng)

6.3.1 Testicular Endocrine Cells — 睪丸內分泌細胞 (gāowán nèifēnmì xìbāo)

6.3.2 Ovarian Endocrine Cells — 卵巢內分泌細胞 (luǎncháo nèifēnmì xìbāo)

6.3.3 Placental Endocrine Function — 胎盤內分泌功能 (tāipán nèifēnmì gōngnéng)

6.4 Adrenal Medulla & Paraganglia — 腎上腺髓質與副神經節 (shènshàngxiàn suǐzhì yǔ fùshénjīngjié)

6.4.1 Adrenal Medulla — 腎上腺髓質 (shènshàngxiàn suǐzhì)

6.4.2 Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia — 腎上腺外副神經節 (shènshàngxiàn wài fùshénjīngjié)

6.5 Adrenal Vasculature — 腎上腺血管 (shènshàngxiàn xuèguǎn)

7. Pancreatic Islets — 胰島 (yídǎo)

7.1 Islet Cell Types — 胰島細胞類型 (yídǎo xìbāo lèixíng)

7.1.1 Beta Cells (β) — β細胞（60-80%）(β xìbāo (60-80%))

7.1.2 Alpha Cells (α) — α細胞（15-20%）(α xìbāo (15-20%))

7.1.3 Delta Cells (δ) — δ細胞（5-10%）(δ xìbāo (5-10%))

7.1.4 PP Cells (F) — PP細胞（1-2%）(PP xìbāo (1-2%))

7.1.5 Epsilon Cells (ε) — ε細胞（<1%）(ε xìbāo (<1%))

7.2 Islet Architecture — 胰島結構 (yídǎo jiégòu)

7.3 Pancreas Anatomy — 胰臟解剖 (yízàng jiěpōu)

8. Diffuse Neuroendocrine System (DNES) — 瀰漫性神經內分泌系統 (mímànxìng shénjīng nèifēnmì xìtǒng)

8.1 Gastrointestinal Enteroendocrine Cells — 胃腸道腸內分泌細胞 (wèichángdào cháng nèifēnmì xìbāo)

8.1.1 Stomach — 胃 (wèi)

8.1.2 Small Intestine — 小腸 (xiǎocháng)

8.1.3 Large Intestine — 大腸 (dàcháng)

8.2 Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells — 肺神經內分泌細胞 (fèi shénjīng nèifēnmì xìbāo)

8.3 Cardiac Endocrine Cells — 心臟內分泌細胞 (xīnzàng nèifēnmì xìbāo)

8.4 Renal Endocrine Function — 腎臟內分泌功能 (shènzàng nèifēnmì gōngnéng)

8.5 Hepatic Endocrine Function — 肝臟內分泌功能 (gānzàng nèifēnmì gōngnéng)

9. Endocrine Tissues — 內分泌組織 (nèifēnmì zǔzhī)

9.1 Adipose Tissue — 脂肪組織 (zhīfáng zǔzhī)

9.1.1 White Adipose Tissue (WAT) — 白色脂肪組織 (báisè zhīfáng zǔzhī)

9.1.2 Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) — 棕色脂肪組織 (zōngsè zhīfáng zǔzhī)

9.1.3 Beige/Brite Adipocytes — 米色脂肪細胞 (mǐsè zhīfáng xìbāo)

9.2 Bone — Osteokines — 骨骼——骨因子 (gǔgé — gǔ yīnzǐ)

9.3 Skeletal Muscle — Myokines — 骨骼肌——肌因子 (gǔgéjī — jī yīnzǐ)

9.4 Skin — 皮膚 (pífū)

9.5 Thymus (Endocrine Function) — 胸腺（內分泌功能）(xiōngxiàn (nèifēnmì gōngnéng))

9.5.1 Thymic Hormones — 胸腺激素 (xiōngxiàn jīsù)

9.5.2 Thymic Involution — 胸腺退化 (xiōngxiàn tuìhuà)

10. Endocrine Cross-Talk — 內分泌系統交互作用 (nèifēnmì xìtǒng jiāohù zuòyòng)

10.1 Immune-Endocrine Interface — 免疫-內分泌介面 (miǎnyì-nèifēnmì jièmiàn)

10.1.1 Cytokines → Endocrine — 細胞因子→內分泌 (xìbāo yīnzǐ → nèifēnmì)

10.1.2 Hormones → Immune — 激素→免疫 (jīsù → miǎnyì)

10.2 Neuroendocrine Signalling — 神經內分泌信號 (shénjīng nèifēnmì xìnhào)

10.2.1 Neuropeptides — 神經肽 (shénjīngtài)

10.2.2 Reproductive Neuroendocrine Regulators — 生殖神經內分泌調節因子 (shēngzhí shénjīng nèifēnmì tiáojié yīnzǐ)

10.2.3 Endogenous Opioids & Cannabinoids — 內源性阿片類與大麻素 (nèiyuánxìng āpiànlèi yǔ dàmásù)